First I’ve heard this word while going through the online course from Queensland University, Australia – “The Science Of Everyday Thinking” (very interesting and recommended to everyone: English version and Ukrainian) and from that moment I started to recognize this characteristic: in my own way of thinking, in other people conversations, in data science and things related to my work as well.
So what is bias? What does it mean to be biased or have biased opinion or biased point of view? Wikipedia as always will give the best and the fastest answer.
Bias is disproportionate weight in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
Biases can be learned by watching cultural contexts. People may develop biases toward or against an individual, an ethnic group, a sexual or gender identity, a nation, a religion, a social class, a political party, theoretical paradigms and ideologies within academic domains, or a species. Biased means one-sided, lacking a neutral viewpoint, or not having an open mind. Bias can come in many forms and is related to prejudice and intuition.
In science and engineering, a bias is a systematic error. Statistical bias results from an unfair sampling of a population, or from an estimation process that does not give accurate results on average.
There are many types of biases:
- cognitive biases (for example apophenia, also known as patternicity, or agenticity, is the human tendency to perceive meaningful patterns within random data. Apophenia is well documented as a rationalization for gambling. Gamblers may imagine that they see patterns in the numbers which appear in lotteries, card games, or roulette wheels)
- conflicts of interest (for example favoritism, sometimes known as in-group favoritism, or in-group bias, refers to a pattern of favoring members of one’s in-group over out-group members. This can be expressed in evaluation of others, in allocation of resources, and in many other ways)
- statistical biases (for example selection bias, which is the, conscious or unconscious, bias introduced into a study by the way individuals, groups or data are selected for analysis, if such a way means that true randomization is not achieved, thereby ensuring that the sample obtained is not representative of the population intended to be analyzed)
- and prejudices (sexism is discrimination based on a person’s sex or gender. Sexism can affect any gender, but it is particularly documented as affecting women and girls. It has been linked to stereotypes and gender roles, and may include the belief that one sex or gender is intrinsically superior to another)
Every category listed above has much more examples, I just selected few of them to show where and when we face these biases. I truly believe that just knowing about existence of this effect/event/characteristic/feature of our minds will help people to think little bit more and make better decisions. We all suffer from this, but it is important to recognize the moment when you are biased and might harm other person, your analysis or your study. A lot of society problems derive from the biased thinking: classism, racism, sexism, bribery, favoritism are just few of them and they are global. But also we face it in our day-to-day life when we find patterns in the sky, when we find relationships between random events and call it sign of something (universe is talking with me), when we have an erroneous opinion, one unclear piece of evidence for it and deny to even take a look at the opposite point of view with better arguments. The list can go and go, but I hope you understand how big it is.
That is why I love internet – you can find all the information you need, you just have to make this effort – start looking for evidence against your theory, which is hard, true story. Education makes us bigger and better persons. Knowing what is bias and how it affects our life is important. But then its your responsibility how to use this knowledge – continue to be ignorant or start to think twice before making a decision.
P.S. Interesting links on topic:
- Article on Wiki
- Faces in places – where people upload their own photographs of faces that they see in everyday objects, and it’s filled with hundreds of great examples
- Faces in places on Reddit – similar collection of pictures
Photo by Daniel Jensen on Unsplash